Archives of UWB articles and information:
The Russian UWB Group
Aetherwire's UWB Archive

The following are abstracts and links to Dr. Schantz's technical articles about UWB antennas and related subjects.
Coming soon:
Papers from the IEEE APS 2005 and
Animations of fields and energy flow

H. Schantz, "Smart Antennas for Spatial Rake UWB Systems,"
IEEE APS Symposium 2004 Proceedings
This paper introduces the concept of an electrically small two element antenna array that can provide unambiguous angle of arrival information for broadband or ultra-wideband (UWB) signals. Applications include interference mitigation, location awareness, and in a "spatial rake" receiver system.

H. Schantz, "An Introduction to UWB Antennas,"
IEEE UWBST 2003 Conference Proceedings
This paper presents an introduction to ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas, including a summary of key UWB antenna concepts, as well as system and network considerations, and fundamental limits for UWB antennas.

H. Schantz, "A Brief History of UWB Antennas,"
IEEE UWBST 2003 Conference Proceedings
This paper provides a historical overview of ultra-wideband antennas presenting some of the key advances at the root of modern designs.

H. Schantz, "Bottom Fed Planar Elliptical UWB
Antennas," IEEE UWBST 2003 Conference
 Proceedings
This paper describes "bottom fed" planar elliptical dipoles.  These antennas are electrically small ultra-wideband (UWB) dipoles with bandwidths on the order of 3:1 or better.  Return loss is typically -14 dB, and boresight gain is nominally 3 dBi.  Bottom fed planar elliptical dipole antennas are well suited for commercial applications.

H. Schantz et al, "Frequency Notched UWB
Antennas," IEEE UWBST 2003 Conference
 Proceedings
This paper describes a method for creating frequency notches in an otherwise ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna element.  By deliberately introducing a narrow band resonant structure, an antenna may be made insensitive to particular frequencies.  This technique is useful for creating UWB antennas with narrow frequency notches, or for creating multi-band antennas.

H. Schantz, "UWB Magnetic Antennas,"
IEEE APS/URSI 2003 Conference Proceedings
The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of some UWB magnetic antennas.  In particular, this article will discuss large current radiators, monoloop antennas, and magnetic slot antennas.

H. Schantz, "Planar Elliptical Element Ultra-
Wideband Dipole Antennas," IEEE APS/URSI 2002
Conference Proceedings
This note introduces a new class of planar ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas that use elliptical elements.  These antennas offer good dipole performance over nearly two octaves in frequency.  Unlike more traditional broadband dipole elements that must be around a quarter-wavelength to radiate efficiently, planar elliptical UWB dipoles still exhibit a -10 dB return loss for a 0.20l element size, and remain 50% efficient (-3 dB return loss) for a 0.14l element size.  A wide variety of techniques including exponential and Klopfenstein tapers, and an energy flow analysis all converge to an element axial ratio of about 1.5:1 being optimal.

H. Schantz, "Radiation Efficiency of UWB
Antennas," IEEE UWBST 2002 Conference
Proceedings
This paper describes a version of the "Wheeler Cap method" for evaluating the efficiency of ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas and discusses the application of this method to a Time Domain Corporation BroadSpec^TM Model 102 antenna (a planar elliptical dipole).  This antenna exhibits a radiation efficiency better than 90% from 1.5 GHz to above 6.0 GHz.

H. Schantz, "Electromagnetic Energy Around
Hertzian Dipoles," IEEE Antennas and Propagation
Magazine, Vol 43, No. 2, April 2001
This paper considers the behavior of electromagnetic energy around Hertzian dipoles.  The method of "causal surfaces" (surfaces through which there is no net flow of electromagnetic energy) is used to partition and track the energy.  A variety of examples, involving both transient and harmonic time dependence are presented to illustrate the way in which static and/or reactive energy is converted to outgoing, uncoupled, "radiated" energy around a Hertzian or point dipole.  The principal conclusion is that although accelerating charge may be thought of as the source of the radiation fields, the source of the radiated energy lies in the static and/or reactive field energy near an antenna, and not "in" or "on" an antenna itself.